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A working environment to compose Russian texts in a user friendly way and then to treat them with LaTeX and print them has been installed on the Unix and VMS systems at CERN. The prime aim is to have a setup compatible with what is used in Russia, so that articles and reports can be easily exchanged between Russia and CERN.
Although various 8-bit encoding schemes exist for
Cyrillic, the more common one on Unix and VMS is KOI8.
It has the Latin letters in the lower 128 positions of the
font set-up and Cyrillic in the upper 128 positions
(see Fig. 
)
The first step in preparing a text consists
of entering the source with an editor.
In the case of Cyrillic the editor must be able to
display the Cyrillic characters on screen.
When using X-windows, one can get such fonts (at CERN)
from the xtsoft1 font server.
In particular, one can add Cyrillic fonts to your
X-station by typing:
The first command declares the supplementary fonts, while the second has the server reread its font database. Then to actually have emacs load one of the KOI8 fonts you have to issue the command
ESC set-default-font
and then choose one of the many fonts available via the xtsoft1
server.
A nicely readable font is eg.
: Key mapping between Latin and Cyrillic character sets
To get a complete list you can (on Unix) issue the command
which will list all the fonts know to the X-server that have the string
koi8 in their name (when last running this command
there were 133 such occurrences).
Next you need to set up emacs to switch between showing
English and Cyrillic characters on screen.
Basil Malyshev has written an add-on for emacs , that
gives one access to the Cyrillic characters in an easy way.
To load his file you should add the following lines
to your emacs start-up file .emacs
By typing two ``Control-C's'', you will toggle between
the English and Cyrillic character sets (moreover, the first
time in the session that you type \^{CtextttC} emacs
will load the cyrcern package itself).
As we have no cyrillic keyboards at CERN, one must use a mapping
of the ``standard'' QWERTY layout to the Cyrillic characters.
This mapping is shown in Fig. , where the first line
in each case shows the character on the keyboard
and the second the corresponding Cyrillic.
On VMS one should use the MicroEmacs editor,
which can be envoked by the mg command.
Moreover, on that system, you can translate your document
from other coding schemes used in Russia to KOI8
with the help of the RTCU program.
To be able to print Russian with LaTeX one must make TeX aware of the new encoding, and provide glyphs for the characters at the given code points.
The necessary declarations for LaTeX are made with the following commands:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{russian}
or its (now deprecated) LaTeX 2.09 variant
\documentstyle[russian]{article}
The iheprep class for preparing
IHEP (Protvino) preprints is available.
To get plain layout use the header:
\documentstyle[14pt,russian]{iheprep}
On Unix you would then run LaTeX with the command
The format does not yet include Russian hyphenation patterns, but it is foreseen to generate several formats for certain language combinations during the January 1995 change-over (see section).
On VMS you should type
where hyphenation patterns for English, Spanish, Italian and Russian are loaded (withformat=l2eml English, French and German are available).
To generate a PostScript file, you can type the command:
This will use Malyshev's PostScript type 1 outline
fonts. The output can be printed on any PostScript
printer or previewed with ghostview or any other
PostScript previewer.